If you’re looking for the 15 best gas water heaters for reliable hot water in 2025, I recommend checking out top models like the Rinnai V53DeN tankless heater, Rheem indoor propane units, and high-efficiency options such as the Rinnai CX199iN. These units offer great capacity, energy efficiency, and safety features. Plus, proper maintenance tools and venting accessories are vital. Keep exploring, and you’ll discover key details to make the right choice for your needs.
Key Takeaways
- Top models like Rinnai V53DeN and CX199iN offer high flow rates and energy efficiency for reliable hot water.
- Indoor propane options such as Rheem RTG-70DVLP-3 provide strong performance for larger households.
- Commercial-grade units support high demand with features like Bluetooth connectivity and up to 11 GPM flow.
- Maintenance parts like thermocouples, ignitions, and venting kits ensure long-term reliability and safety.
- Choosing models with UL certification, corrosion-resistant materials, and proper venting guarantees safe, durable operation.
Water Heater Tool UL Verified (V699054)
The Water Heater Tool UL Verified (V699054), also known as Sediment Buster, is ideal for homeowners and plumbers who want a quick and mess-free way to maintain their gas water heaters. I found it simple to use, with clear instructions and videos that make the process straightforward. Its see-through window lets me monitor sediment removal, while the full-port design ensures thorough cleaning. This compact device works with any air pump, breaking up sediment clogs efficiently. It’s UL verified, lightweight, and operates up to 100°F, helping extend water heater life, restore pressure, and improve water quality—all without the mess or hassle.
Best For: homeowners and plumbers seeking a quick, mess-free solution to maintain and extend the lifespan of gas water heaters.
Pros:
- Easy to use with clear instructions and videos for straightforward operation
- See-through window allows real-time monitoring during sediment removal
- Compact, lightweight design compatible with any air pump, ensuring efficient cleaning
Cons:
- Limited to use with water heaters operating up to 100°F, not suitable for higher temperatures
- May require an external air pump, adding to setup complexity for some users
- Only available in a few color options, which may limit aesthetic preferences
Water Heater Cleaning Tool
Looking for an easy way to maintain your gas water heater’s performance? The Water Heater Cleaning Tool, Turbo Tank Cleaner, is a perfect DIY solution. It removes sediment and debris, extending your heater’s lifespan and boosting efficiency. Compatible with all gas and electric tanks, it features a clear housing for easy visibility and a spring agitator to protect parts while breaking up sediment deposits. Installation is quick—no draining needed—using a cordless drill and garden hose. Its rugged, impact-resistant design guarantees durability. Customers rave about how it improves hot water supply and reduces energy bills, making it a smart investment for reliable hot water in 2025.
Best For: Homeowners with gas or electric water heaters seeking an easy, DIY solution to improve tank efficiency and extend lifespan.
Pros:
- Easy to install without draining the tank, saving time and effort
- Effectively removes sediment and debris to boost hot water supply and efficiency
- Durable, impact-resistant design ensures long-term use
Cons:
- Not compatible with tankless water heater models
- Requires a cordless drill and garden hose for operation, which may not be included
- May require physical effort to remove stubborn sediment deposits
Rinnai V53DeN Natural Gas Tankless Water Heater
If you’re searching for an efficient, space-saving way to guarantee endless hot water for your household, the Rinnai V53DeN Natural Gas Tankless Water Heater might be exactly what you need. This outdoor unit offers a 5.3 GPM flow rate, serving up to four appliances simultaneously. It heats water only when needed, saving energy and reducing utility bills. Built to last, it comes with a 10-year warranty on the heat exchanger. Its compact design fits comfortably in tight spaces, making it perfect for modern homes. Professional installation is recommended to ensure safe, peak operation, and you’ll enjoy reliable hot water for years to come.
Best For: households seeking an energy-efficient, space-saving solution for unlimited hot water with multiple simultaneous outlets.
Pros:
- Provides a 5.3 GPM flow rate, capable of serving up to four appliances at once
- Heats water only on demand, reducing energy consumption and utility bills
- Compact outdoor design fits easily in tight spaces and is suitable for modern homes
Cons:
- Professional installation is recommended, which may add to upfront costs
- Outdoor unit may require weather protection or placement considerations
- Limited to natural gas supply, not compatible with electric or propane systems
Water Heater Pilot Assembly with Thermocouple and Tubing (24″) for Gas Systems
For those maintaining or repairing natural gas water heaters, the Water Heater Pilot Assembly with Thermocouple and Tubing (24″) offers a reliable solution. This assembly includes a durable pilot thermocouple and 24 inches of tubing, designed specifically for natural gas units. It’s compatible with many water heater models, though it’s vital to verify your system before installation. Proper leak checks are essential to guarantee safety. Only qualified technicians should handle repairs involving gas components. Backed by a warranty, this assembly provides peace of mind and dependable operation, making it a valuable replacement part for maintaining safe and efficient hot water systems.
Best For: homeowners, maintenance technicians, or ship operators who need a reliable replacement pilot assembly for natural gas water heaters.
Pros:
- Includes both pilot thermocouple and 24″ tubing for easy replacement
- Compatible with many water heater models, offering versatility
- Comes with a replacement warranty for added peace of mind
Cons:
- Not compatible with all water heater models; verification required before installation
- Proper leak testing is essential to ensure safety after installation
- Repairs should only be performed by qualified personnel due to gas safety risks
EcoSmart ECO 11 Electric Tankless Water Heater
The EcoSmart ECO 11 Electric Tankless Water Heater stands out for those seeking energy-efficient, point-of-use hot water solutions in small spaces. Its compact size—just 11.5 x 8 x 3.75 inches—makes it perfect for bathrooms, sinks, or small offices, saving up to 90% space compared to traditional tank heaters. With patented self-modulating technology, it adjusts energy use based on demand, achieving 99.8% thermal efficiency. It heats water on demand, providing 1.3 to 3.1 GPM at 140°F, depending on inlet temperature. Easy to install and operate, it’s a reliable choice for low-flow applications in various climates.
Best For: small households, bathrooms, sinks, or small offices seeking energy-efficient, space-saving point-of-use hot water solutions.
Pros:
- Compact size saves up to 90% space compared to traditional tank heaters.
- High thermal efficiency of 99.8% reduces energy consumption.
- Digital temperature control and LED display for precise and easy operation.
Cons:
- Limited flow rate of 1.3 to 3.1 GPM may not meet higher demand needs.
- Requires a 240V power supply and 54A circuit, which may need electrical upgrades.
- Suitable primarily for low-flow applications; not ideal for multiple simultaneous fixtures.
Water Heater Pilot Assembly for Atwood 91603 (91214)
Gas Water Heaters are an excellent choice for RV owners seeking reliable and efficient hot water solutions, especially with the Atwood 91603 (91214) pilot assembly. This assembly includes a pilot thermocouple kit, ensuring safe and consistent ignition. It’s designed as a direct replacement for Dometic Atwood models like GC6A-3, G6A-7, and others, making installation straightforward. The assembly features a 9-inch pilot tube and thermocouple, which signals propane control for safe operation. Its reliable performance and compatibility with propane RV water heaters make it a durable choice, supporting ideal water heater function and safety during travel.
Best For: RV owners seeking a reliable, easy-to-install pilot assembly replacement for their Atwood 91603 water heater to ensure safe and efficient hot water operation.
Pros:
- Compatible with a wide range of Atwood and Dometic water heater models, ensuring versatility.
- Includes a pilot thermocouple and tube, providing a complete replacement solution.
- Easy to install with clear instructions, suitable for DIY enthusiasts.
Cons:
- May require careful handling to avoid pinching or cracking pipes during installation.
- No electric components included, which might limit compatibility with some setups.
- Customer ratings are good but not perfect, indicating some users may experience minor issues.
Rheem RTG-70DVLP-3 Indoor Tankless Propane Water Heater (7.0 GPM, 160,000 BTUs)
If you need a reliable, space-saving hot water solution for a household with 2–3 bathrooms, the Rheem RTG-70DVLP-3 tankless propane water heater is an excellent choice. It offers a flow rate of 7.0 GPM and outputs 160,000 BTUs, ensuring plenty of hot water during peak demand. Designed for indoor installation, it features a durable, compact metal cabinet that can be wall-mounted by qualified technicians. Its high efficiency and hot-start programming provide consistent, fast hot water without cold bursts, making it perfect for busy households seeking reliable performance and space-saving convenience.
Best For: households with 2–3 bathrooms seeking reliable, space-saving hot water without sacrificing performance.
Pros:
- High flow rate of 7.0 GPM ensures ample hot water for multiple fixtures simultaneously
- Compact, durable design ideal for indoor wall mounting in various home sizes
- Hot-start programming prevents cold bursts, enhancing comfort during high demand
Cons:
- Requires professional installation due to wall-mounting and plumbing connections
- Limited to indoor use, not suitable for outdoor environments or harsh weather conditions
- Propane fuel dependency may require additional setup if propane supply isn’t readily available
WISINY Rheem & Ruud Tankless Gas Water Heater Ignitor Coil Replacement Parts
WISINY Rheem & Ruud Tankless Gas Water Heater Ignitor Coil Replacement Parts are designed specifically for homeowners and technicians seeking a reliable fix for ignition issues. These replacement coils are compatible with Rheem, Richmond, and Ruud tankless water heaters, addressing error code 11 and ignition failures. Made from durable materials, they guarantee long-lasting performance and proper fit. The ignitor coil operates at 120 volts and is easy to install, requiring no batteries. With a high customer satisfaction rating of 4.8 stars and quick availability since September 2023, these parts are a dependable choice for maintaining reliable hot water.
Best For: homeowners and technicians needing a reliable, easy-to-install ignitor coil replacement for Rheem, Richmond, and Ruud tankless water heaters to fix ignition issues and error code 11.
Pros:
- Durable construction ensures long-lasting performance
- Compatible with multiple brands and models, offering versatility
- Easy installation without the need for batteries or special tools
Cons:
- Limited to specific models, not universal for all water heaters
- Requires proper voltage supply during installation for safe operation
- Replacement is necessary when ignition coil or igniter fails, which might lead to additional maintenance costs
Water Heater Pilot Assembly for Reliance Whirlpool A.O.Smith Kenmore Water Heaters
When it comes to maintaining reliable performance in Reliance, Whirlpool, A.O.Smith, or Kenmore water heaters, choosing the right pilot assembly is essential. The Water Heater Pilot Assembly NAT Gas Thermopile Assembly (part numbers 100112330, 9007876, 9007877) is compatible with a wide range of models across these brands. It replaces OEM parts and guarantees proper pilot operation for safe, efficient heating. This assembly is designed for easy installation and reliable function, making it an excellent choice for repairs or maintenance. By selecting the correct pilot assembly, you can keep your water heater running smoothly and avoid unnecessary downtime.
Best For: Homeowners or technicians seeking a reliable, compatible pilot assembly replacement for Reliance, Whirlpool, A.O.Smith, or Kenmore water heaters to ensure safe and efficient operation.
Pros:
- Compatible with a wide range of models across multiple major brands.
- Replaces OEM thermopile assemblies, ensuring proper pilot function.
- Easy to install, making it suitable for DIY repairs or professional service.
Cons:
- May require some technical knowledge for installation.
- Compatibility limited to models listed; not universal for all water heaters.
- Does not include detailed installation instructions; additional resources may be needed.
Rinnai CX199iN Tankless Water Heater
The Rinnai CX199iN Tankless Water Heater stands out as an ideal choice for commercial users seeking reliable, on-demand hot water. It offers flexible installation options, suitable for indoor or outdoor use with Versa Vent (sold separately). Powered by Smart Sense gas control technology, it automatically switches between natural gas and propane, simplifying setup. With a thermal efficiency of 97%, it maximizes energy savings, delivering up to 11.1 GPM and supporting water temperatures up to 185°F. Bluetooth Smart Connect allows easy setup and monitoring via the Rinnai app. Its compact design, industry-leading venting, and quick flush system make it a top choice for commercial applications.
Best For: commercial users seeking a reliable, energy-efficient tankless water heater with flexible installation options and smart monitoring capabilities.
Pros:
- High thermal efficiency of 97% for maximum energy savings
- Bluetooth Smart Connect for easy setup, monitoring, and troubleshooting via the Rinnai app
- Supports high flow rate of 11.1 GPM and water temperatures up to 185°F, suitable for demanding applications
Cons:
- Requires professional installation for optimal performance and safety
- Versa Vent system sold separately, adding to initial setup costs
- Slightly heavy at nearly 60 pounds, which may require additional support during installation
Ignition Control Circuit Board for RV Water Heaters
If you’re looking for a reliable ignition control solution for your RV water heater, the upgraded 91365 Circuit Board is an excellent choice. It’s compatible with Atwood and Dometic models like GC6AA-10E and GCH6A-10E, ensuring smooth operation across various units. This intelligent control manages gas and electric supply, fixing ignition issues and inaccurate temperatures. It senses the heater’s status in real time, optimizing performance and safety. Made from premium materials and rigorously tested, it guarantees long-term reliability. Plus, with safety protections and energy-saving features, it promotes efficient, eco-friendly RV operation. A 2-year support guarantee adds peace of mind.
Best For: RV owners seeking a reliable, intelligent ignition control board to ensure safe, efficient, and consistent hot water heater performance.
Pros:
- Compatible with multiple Atwood and Dometic models, ensuring versatile application.
- Features advanced safety protections and energy-saving capabilities for eco-friendly operation.
- Undergoes rigorous testing and is made from premium materials for long-term reliability.
Cons:
- Installation may require technical knowledge or professional assistance.
- Compatibility is limited to specified RV water heater models; not universal.
- Replacement parts may be priced higher than generic alternatives due to quality standards.
MENSI Thermopile Replacement Parts for Gas Water Heaters
MENSI Thermopile Replacement Parts are an excellent choice for homeowners and technicians seeking reliable, easy-to-install solutions for gas water heaters and boilers. These milivolt thermopiles are compatible with brands like Reliance, Whirlpool, A.O. Smith, and Kenmore, fitting many models such as Whirlpool N30T61-303 and A.O. Smith GS6-300 series. Weighing just 1.44 ounces, they’re designed to replace original parts and ensure proper flame temperature for safe operation. With a customer rating of 4.6 out of 5 stars, they offer dependable performance. Plus, they come with warranty support and a 30-day return window, making them a smart, hassle-free upgrade.
Best For: homeowners and technicians seeking reliable, easy-to-install thermopile replacements for gas water heaters and boilers from popular brands.
Pros:
- Compatible with a wide range of models from brands like Reliance, Whirlpool, A.O. Smith, and Kenmore.
- No batteries required, ensuring hassle-free installation and maintenance.
- High customer satisfaction with a 4.6 out of 5-star rating and warranty support.
Cons:
- Not suitable for Reliance C3 FAIR and C3 FVIR water heater models.
- Limited to specific pilot light models, may not fit all water heater types.
- Slightly higher price compared to generic or lower-quality thermopiles.
Rheem Gas Control Thermostat (AP14270G)
Are you seeking a reliable control solution for your gas water heater? The Rheem Gas Control Thermostat (AP14270G) is a solid choice. It manages gas flow and water temperature, ensuring safe and efficient operation. Designed with a ProTech® gas valve, it provides consistent performance and is compatible with natural gas systems. This wall-mounted, wired device features a touchscreen control for manual adjustments, though it lacks a backlight or programmable options. Installation should be done by licensed professionals to guarantee safety and proper functioning. Overall, this thermostat offers dependable control, backed by positive customer reviews, making it a great upgrade or replacement part for your water heater.
Best For: homeowners or technicians seeking a reliable, manual control solution for natural gas water heaters to ensure safety and efficient operation.
Pros:
- Compatible with natural gas systems and designed for water heater applications
- Easy-to-use touchscreen control with manual adjustment options
- Factory-authorized OEM part ensuring quality and safety compliance
Cons:
- Does not feature backlight or programmable settings for customization
- Requires installation by licensed professionals for safety and proper function
- Limited to natural gas systems, not suitable for other fuel types
Horizontal Vent Termination Kit for Gas Water Heaters
The Horizontal Vent Termination Kit is an excellent choice for homeowners installing gas water heaters on exterior walls, as it guarantees safe and efficient venting while improving the overall look. It’s designed for 2-inch PVC and ABS pipes, ensuring proper fit and performance. The kit includes all necessary components, like screws, to secure the vent properly. It can be painted to match your exterior decor, enhancing curb appeal. Before installation, confirm pipe size and reserve enough space for cutting. Applying silicone around the vent ensures a tight seal, preventing leaks and maintaining system safety. This kit simplifies venting, making your setup both reliable and visually appealing.
Best For: homeowners installing gas water heaters on exterior walls who want a safe, efficient, and visually appealing venting solution.
Pros:
- Ensures safe and reliable venting for gas water heaters.
- Enhances exterior wall aesthetics by providing a clean, painted finish.
- Includes all necessary components, such as screws, for easy installation.
Cons:
- Must confirm pipe size before purchase to ensure proper fit.
- Requires proper preparation, including silicone application, for optimal sealing.
- Needs reserved space for cutting and fitting, which may require precise measurement.
Vent Hood
A vent hood is vital for anyone installing a gas water heater, as it connects the unit to the venting system and helps direct combustion gases safely outdoors. I recommend choosing a vent hood compatible with 3 or 4 venting systems for versatility. This OEM Genuine Factory Authorized part comes with a 1-year limited warranty, ensuring quality and reliability. Its primary role is to assist updraft movement, preventing dangerous gases from accumulating inside your home. Proper installation of a vent hood is essential for safety and efficiency, making it a key component in any gas water heater setup.
Best For: homeowners or installers seeking a reliable, OEM-approved venting solution for 3 or 4 venting system gas water heaters to ensure safe and efficient operation.
Pros:
- Connects water heater to venting system securely and reliably
- Assists updraft movement of combustion gases for safety
- Comes with a 1-year limited warranty for peace of mind
Cons:
- Only compatible with 3 or 4 venting systems, limiting versatility
- May require professional installation for optimal safety
- Limited warranty duration may not cover all potential issues
Factors to Consider When Choosing Gas Water Heaters
When choosing a gas water heater, I consider factors like energy efficiency ratings, flow rate capacity, and the space I have available for installation. It’s also important to make sure the heater is compatible with my fuel type and built to last. These points help me find a unit that’s reliable, efficient, and fits my home’s needs.
Energy Efficiency Ratings
Choosing a gas water heater with a high energy efficiency rating can make a noticeable difference in your utility bills over time. Ratings above 90% are considered highly efficient, meaning less fuel is wasted, saving you money. Tankless models usually have higher efficiency ratings because they heat water on demand, unlike traditional tank units that store hot water. Keep in mind, efficiency ratings can be influenced by factors like insulation quality, venting systems, and proper installation. To ensure you’re getting the best value, look for units with ENERGY STAR certification, which indicates the appliance meets strict energy efficiency standards set by the EPA and DOE. Prioritizing efficiency helps reduce energy consumption, lowers costs, and minimizes environmental impact.
Flow Rate Capacity
Ever wondered how much hot water your household needs at once? The flow rate capacity of a gas water heater, measured in gallons per minute (GPM), determines how much hot water can be delivered simultaneously. If you have multiple bathrooms or high hot water demands, a higher GPM is vital to prevent shortages. Standard residential units typically range from 3.0 to 9.0 GPM, with larger models supporting more fixtures at once. Choosing a water heater with the right flow rate ensures consistent hot water during peak times, avoiding delays or inadequate supply. It’s important to match the heater’s capacity with your household’s needs; otherwise, you risk performance issues or having to install multiple units. Accurate assessment helps you select a model that keeps everyone comfortable.
Installation Space Needs
Selecting the right installation space for your gas water heater is crucial to guarantee safe operation and easy maintenance. First, I assess the available area, making sure there’s enough clearance around the unit for both safety and service access. I measure the height, width, and depth of the space to confirm it fits the specific dimensions of the model I choose. Proper venting is essential, so I check if the location allows for effective exhaust venting to prevent dangerous gas buildup. I also verify that the space has easy access to gas lines, water connections, and electrical outlets if necessary. Finally, I ensure the setup complies with local building codes and manufacturer guidelines, especially regarding ventilation, clearance, and safety distances. Proper planning here avoids future issues and promotes reliable operation.
Fuel Type Compatibility
Since gas water heaters rely on specific fuel sources, it’s vital to verify your home’s fuel supply aligns with the heater’s requirements. Natural gas, propane, and butane are common options, so you need to confirm which type your household uses. Some models offer dual-fuel capability, allowing switching between natural gas and propane, but they require special control components. Using an incompatible fuel can cause inefficient operation, higher emissions, or even damage the unit. Always check the manufacturer’s specifications to confirm your chosen heater supports your available fuel type before purchasing or installation. Matching the correct fuel type not only guarantees safe operation but also maximizes efficiency and prolongs the lifespan of your water heater.
Durability and Longevity
When choosing a gas water heater, durability and longevity should be top priorities because a well-built unit can save you money and hassle in the long run. Look for models with corrosion-resistant materials like stainless steel or high-quality alloys, which can resist water and combustion byproducts over time. Reinforced tanks and heavy-duty components add to the unit’s robustness, reducing wear and structural fatigue. Advanced corrosion protection systems, such as glass-lined tanks or sacrificial anodes, can extend the lifespan considerably. Regular maintenance, including replacing parts like thermocouples and gas valves, also plays an essential role in prolonging your heater’s life. Additionally, a thorough warranty, such as a 10-year heat exchanger guarantee, demonstrates confidence in the product’s durability.
Safety and Certification
Have you considered how significant safety certifications are when choosing a gas water heater? Certifications from recognized safety organizations like UL ensure the unit meets strict safety standards, giving you peace of mind. I always check for safety features such as automatic shut-off valves, thermal cut-offs, and overpressure protection—these prevent accidents and malfunctions. It’s also essential to verify that the venting system is properly designed to exhaust combustion gases safely, reducing the risk of carbon monoxide buildup indoors. Additionally, I confirm the heater’s installation complies with local building codes and manufacturer guidelines, which is imperative for safe operation. Finally, clear labeling of safety ratings and certifications on the product helps confirm its reliability and safety compliance before I make a purchase.
Cost and Budget
Are you clear on how much you want to spend on a gas water heater? Knowing your budget helps narrow down options and avoid overspending. Basic models start around $500, while high-end units can exceed $2,500. Keep in mind, installation costs also vary, typically between $300 and $1,000 depending on complexity. Consider long-term savings from energy-efficient models—these may cost more upfront but save money over time through lower utility bills. When choosing, weigh the initial investment against potential benefits like durability and efficiency. Establishing a clear budget range upfront guarantees you select a unit that fits both your financial constraints and your hot water needs, making the entire process smoother and more cost-effective.
Frequently Asked Questions
How Long Do Gas Water Heaters Typically Last?
Gas water heaters usually last about 8 to 12 years, but this can vary based on maintenance and usage. I recommend regular inspections and flushing to extend their lifespan. If you notice rust, leaks, or inconsistent hot water, it might be time to think about a replacement. Proper care can help you get the most out of your heater and ensure reliable hot water for years to come.
What Safety Features Are Essential for Gas Water Heaters?
Safety features are essential when choosing a gas water heater. I always look for a reliable automatic shut-off valve that activates if there’s a leak or malfunction. A thermocouple safety pilot ensures the gas shuts off if the pilot light goes out, preventing dangerous gas leaks. Additionally, a pressure relief valve is critical to handle excess pressure, and proper ventilation prevents dangerous carbon monoxide buildup. These features keep me safe and secure.
Can Gas Water Heaters Operate During a Power Outage?
Imagine a world where your hot shower is always ready—that’s what gas water heaters can offer during power outages. Typically, they operate independently of electricity thanks to their pilot lights or standing pilots. I’ve found that most models function perfectly during a blackout, providing reliable hot water when you need it most. Just make certain your unit has a standing pilot or an alternative ignition system, and you’ll be all set.
What Are the Common Signs That a Water Heater Needs Replacement?
If your water heater is showing signs like inconsistent hot water, strange noises, or leaks, it’s time for a replacement. I’ve noticed that when it takes longer to heat water or if you see rust-colored water, these are clear indicators it’s on its last legs. Also, a sudden increase in energy bills or frequent repairs suggest replacing it to avoid inconvenience and higher costs down the line.
How Do Installation Costs Vary Between Models?
Installation costs can vary widely depending on the model I choose. For example, a standard tank gas water heater typically costs less to install than a high-efficiency or tankless model, which may require additional venting or electrical work. I’ve found that complex installations with upgrades or modifications tend to drive costs higher, so I plan ahead and get multiple quotes to guarantee I get the best deal for my preferred model.
Conclusion
Choosing the right gas water heater is like finding the perfect lighthouse—guiding you safely through the stormy seas of cold showers and high energy bills. With options like tankless models and reliable thermostats, you can craft a warm, comforting haven in your home. Trust your instincts, weigh the factors, and let these top picks be your guiding stars. Before long, you’ll be basking in the warm glow of endless hot water.
