I’ve found that the best advanced smoke alarms with voice alerts are essential for keeping your home safe. They feature clear warnings about dangers, using voice alerts to specify the type and location of the threat. Many models have long-lasting batteries, advanced sensing technology, and can integrate with smart home systems for added convenience. With options like the First Alert and Kidde detectors, you’ll get high reliability and performance. Keep exploring to discover which models might suit your needs best!
Key Takeaways
- Advanced smoke alarms feature voice alerts that specify the type and location of danger, enhancing user awareness and response.
- Utilizing enhanced sensing technology minimizes false alarms, ensuring accurate hazard detection from smoke and carbon monoxide.
- Many models come with sealed 10-year lithium batteries, reducing maintenance and the need for frequent replacements.
- Interconnectivity allows multiple alarms to activate simultaneously, providing comprehensive coverage and early warnings throughout the home.
- Smart home integration enables remote notifications and real-time updates, enhancing safety monitoring from anywhere.
First Alert Interconnect Battery-Operated Smoke Alarm
If you’re looking for a smoke alarm that not only detects fires but also provides clear voice alerts about their location, the First Alert Interconnect Battery-Operated Smoke Alarm is a top choice. With its Precision Detection technology, it minimizes false alarms from cooking or steam. I love that when one alarm sounds, all interconnected units activate, ensuring I’m alerted no matter where I am in the house. Installation is a breeze, and the test/silence button makes checking functionality easy. Plus, it runs on just one AA battery and offers a 10-year limited warranty, making it a reliable addition to my home safety setup.
Best For: Homeowners seeking a dependable smoke detection system that minimizes false alarms and provides clear voice alerts for safety.
Pros:
- Advanced Precision Detection technology reduces nuisance alarms from cooking or steam.
- Interconnectivity ensures all alarms sound simultaneously, providing comprehensive coverage throughout the home.
- Easy installation and maintenance with a test/silence button for quick functionality checks.
Cons:
- Some users report needing to replace batteries annually, which can be inconvenient.
- While effective, the system may still trigger false alarms in certain situations, like cooking.
- Limited to audible alerts without Wi-Fi connectivity for remote notifications.
Smoke Detectors with 10 Year Sealed Battery (6 Pack)
For anyone seeking a reliable fire safety solution without the hassle of frequent battery changes, the Smoke Detectors with 10 Year Sealed Battery (6 Pack) stand out as an excellent choice. These detectors come equipped with energy-efficient lithium batteries, ensuring maintenance-free operation for a decade. I appreciate their UL217-9th edition certification, which means they meet the latest safety standards. The advanced photoelectric sensors quickly detect smoke while minimizing false alarms. Plus, the bilingual voice alerts make communication clear for everyone. With easy installation and LED indicators, I feel confident that my home is well-protected with this extensive coverage.
Best For: Homeowners looking for a reliable, low-maintenance fire safety solution that provides comprehensive coverage.
Pros:
- Maintenance-free operation for up to 10 years with sealed lithium batteries.
- UL217-9th edition certified for compliance with the latest safety standards.
- Bilingual voice alerts ensure clear communication in both English and French.
Cons:
- Initial investment may be higher compared to standard smoke detectors with replaceable batteries.
- Limited to smoke detection and does not include additional features like carbon monoxide detection.
- Replacement required after 10 years, which may require replacing all units at once for consistent coverage.
X-Sense Smart Smoke Detector with Wi-Fi and Voice Alerts
The X-Sense Smart Smoke Detector with Wi-Fi and Voice Alerts stands out as a top choice for tech-savvy homeowners seeking advanced fire safety solutions. It features a compact design, smart connectivity, and voice alerts that specify smoke locations, making it easy to react quickly. I love that it connects up to six detectors and the base station, all monitored through the X-Sense Home Security App. Instant alerts to my smartphone keep me informed, even when I’m away. Although some app compatibility issues exist, the overall reliability and ease of installation make it a worthwhile investment for peace of mind in fire safety.
Best For: Tech-savvy homeowners looking for an advanced and reliable fire safety solution with smart connectivity features.
Pros:
- Voice alerts specify smoke locations for quick identification and response.
- Instant smartphone notifications provide remote awareness and peace of mind.
- Easy installation process with the ability to connect multiple detectors for comprehensive monitoring.
Cons:
- App compatibility issues reported, particularly with certain smartphone models.
- Limited customization for voice messages, using only preset location names.
- Potential concerns with interconnectivity if the base station fails, and some units may arrive with aged batteries.
First Alert Interconnect Battery-Operated Smoke & Carbon Monoxide Alarm
Searching for a reliable smoke and carbon monoxide alarm? The First Alert Interconnect Battery-Operated Alarm is a fantastic choice. It combines smoke and CO detection in one device, using Precision Detection technology to minimize false alarms—perfect for when I’m cooking. I love the voice alerts that specify the danger and its location, enhancing safety. Installation is a breeze with the included screws and batteries, and it fits most ceilings. Plus, when one alarm goes off, all connected units activate. With a 10-year warranty, I feel confident in its reliability and performance, making it a wise investment for my home safety.
Best For: Those seeking a reliable, easy-to-install smoke and carbon monoxide alarm for enhanced home safety.
Pros:
- Combines smoke and CO detection in one device, reducing the need for multiple alarms.
- Features voice alerts that specify the type and location of danger, improving response time during emergencies.
- Simple installation process with included hardware and a long-lasting 10-year warranty.
Cons:
- Some concerns about battery safety, particularly with lithium batteries.
- Alarms can be loud during setup, which may require hearing protection.
- May not be suitable for homes already equipped with hardwired smoke detectors.
First Alert Combination Smoke & Carbon Monoxide Alarm (SMCO100V-AC)
If you’re looking for a smoke alarm that offers dual protection from both smoke and carbon monoxide, the First Alert Combination Smoke & Carbon Monoxide Alarm (SMCO100V-AC) stands out with its advanced sensing technology. This reliable unit reduces false alarms, thanks to its precision detection, ensuring you only hear alerts when necessary. I love the voice alerts that specify the danger type and location, which enhances clarity during emergencies. Plus, it interconnects with compatible units, amplifying safety throughout my home. With easy installation and a battery backup, it’s a solid choice for all-encompassing home protection.
Best For: Homeowners seeking a reliable dual-function smoke and carbon monoxide alarm with advanced features and easy installation.
Pros:
- Voice alerts specify danger type and location for enhanced clarity during emergencies.
- Reduces false alarms with precision detection technology, ensuring alerts when truly necessary.
- Easy installation with a quick connect plug and battery backup for reliable protection during power outages.
Cons:
- Some users report frequent false alarms, especially in dusty or high-airflow environments.
- Requires regular maintenance, including cleaning and battery replacement, to ensure optimal performance.
- Loud alerts may cause anxiety or sleep disturbances for those sensitive to noise.
X-Sense Smart Wi-Fi Smoke Detector (3 Pack)
For those seeking a reliable smoke detector that seamlessly integrates into a smart home environment, the X-Sense Smart Wi-Fi Smoke Detector (3 Pack) stands out. This device uses a photoelectric sensor to detect slow-burning fires and boasts a 10-year lifespan. Its voice alerts provide clear, location-based notifications, making it easy to identify hazards. I love how it connects to the X-Sense app for real-time monitoring and notifications, and the night mode ensures undisturbed sleep. Installation is hassle-free, and its sleek design blends into ceilings effortlessly. With excellent ratings and smart features, it’s a solid choice for home safety.
Best For: Those seeking a smart and reliable smoke detection solution that integrates seamlessly into a modern home environment, particularly families with seniors or tech-savvy individuals.
Pros:
- Easy installation with QR code setup and included screws for mounting.
- Real-time alerts and notifications via the X-Sense app for enhanced monitoring.
- Voice alerts with precise room identification ensure clear communication of hazards.
Cons:
- Some users report initial difficulties with pairing the device to the app.
- Battery replacement may be required after 10 years, although included batteries are replaceable.
- A subscription fee is needed for professional monitoring services, which may not be appealing to all users.
First Alert 10-Year Sealed Battery Smoke & Carbon Monoxide Alarm
The First Alert 10-Year Sealed Battery Smoke & Carbon Monoxide Alarm is an excellent choice for anyone looking for reliable, maintenance-free protection in their home. This compact alarm combines smoke and carbon monoxide detection, ensuring dual-threat monitoring. With its advanced Precision Detection technology, it reduces false alarms while providing early warnings. I appreciate the voice alerts that specify the type and location of danger, enhancing my peace of mind. The 10-year sealed battery means no more annoying chirps or replacements. Plus, its slim profile makes installation easy and unobtrusive. Overall, it’s a smart investment for ultimate home safety.
Best For: Those seeking a reliable, low-maintenance smoke and carbon monoxide alarm for enhanced home safety.
Pros:
- Dual-threat monitoring with smoke and carbon monoxide detection in one device.
- 10-year sealed battery eliminates the need for yearly replacements and prevents low battery chirps.
- Compact design allows for easy installation and minimal visual impact.
Cons:
- Some users report initial false alarms that may require proper placement and testing.
- Difficulty silencing the alarm has been mentioned by some customers.
- A few reports of malfunctioning units, indicating the importance of quality checks.
Kidde Smoke & Carbon Monoxide Detector (2 Pack)
Kidde Smoke & Carbon Monoxide Detector (2 Pack) stands out as an ideal choice for homeowners seeking a reliable, hassle-free solution for safety. With a sleek design, these detectors combine smoke and CO detection in one device, which I find really convenient. The 10-year sealed battery means I won’t have to worry about changing batteries, and the voice alerts provide clear warnings when needed. I appreciate that it minimizes false alarms, especially from cooking. Installation’s a breeze with the twist-and-click brackets, and the overall reliability has earned it high praise from users like me. It’s definitely a smart investment for home safety.
Best For: Homeowners looking for a reliable and low-maintenance smoke and carbon monoxide detection solution.
Pros:
- Clear voice alerts for smoke and carbon monoxide warnings enhance safety.
- 10-year sealed battery eliminates the hassle of frequent battery changes.
- Easy installation with twist-and-click mounting brackets, no wiring required.
Cons:
- Some users report false alarms triggered by dust exposure.
- Issues with alarms becoming bricked after dust exposure, complicating resets.
- Limited ability to silence or reset alarms due to the sealed battery design.
X-Sense Combination Smoke and Carbon Monoxide Detector (XP0A-SR)
Looking for a smoke and carbon monoxide detector that seamlessly combines functionality with a modern design? The X-Sense XP0A-SR is a sleek, compact unit that provides reliable 2-in-1 protection. With independent photoelectric and electrochemical sensors, it swiftly detects hazards and delivers clear voice alerts like “Warning! Smoke detected.” Its ultra-thin design makes installation easy on any wall or ceiling. Users appreciate the straightforward maintenance with a replaceable battery lasting up to five years. With a 10-year sensor lifespan and excellent ratings, this detector offers peace of mind, ensuring your home stays safe from smoke and CO threats.
Best For: Homeowners looking for a reliable and modern smoke and carbon monoxide detector that is easy to install and maintain.
Pros:
- Independent photoelectric and electrochemical sensors for swift hazard detection.
- Clear voice alerts enhance understanding during emergencies.
- Compact and sleek design allows for unobtrusive installation.
Cons:
- Battery replacement may be needed every five years, which some users may find inconvenient.
- Requires battery power, which could lead to operational issues if the battery is not replaced on time.
- Limited to a 60-day money-back guarantee, which may not be sufficient for some customers.
Kidde Hardwired Smoke Detector with Battery Backup
For those seeking a reliable smoke detection solution, the Kidde Hardwired Smoke Detector with Battery Backup stands out with its enhanced sensing technology that minimizes false alarms from cooking. I appreciate its loud 85-decibel alarm and clear voice alerts that help me react quickly in emergencies. The hardwired design means I don’t have to worry about battery changes for a decade, thanks to the 10-year battery backup. Plus, it interconnects with other alarms, ensuring my whole home is alerted. With easy installation and a 10-year warranty, it’s a cost-effective choice for ultimate safety.
Best For: Those seeking a reliable and low-maintenance smoke detection solution for their home.
Pros:
- Enhanced sensing technology reduces false alarms, particularly from cooking.
- 10-year battery backup eliminates the need for frequent battery changes.
- Interconnectable with other alarms for comprehensive home safety.
Cons:
- Warranty only covers the alarm, not the battery performance.
- Replacement is recommended if the installation date is unknown.
- May require professional installation for hardwired setup.
First Alert Hardwire Smoke Alarm with Battery Backup (3-Pack)
The First Alert Hardwire Smoke Alarm with Battery Backup (3-Pack) stands out for those seeking a reliable safety solution that minimizes false alarms while providing clear voice alerts. I love how its advanced sensing technology reduces those pesky nuisance alarms from cooking. Plus, the voice and location alerts pinpoint the source of danger, making it easy to react quickly. The latching alarm indicator shows which unit triggered the alarm or needs a battery replacement. With battery backup, I know I’m protected even during power outages, and the interconnectivity with other First Alert alarms ensures thorough coverage throughout my home.
Best For: Those seeking a reliable smoke alarm solution that minimizes false alarms and offers clear voice alerts for enhanced safety.
Pros:
- Advanced sensing technology reduces nuisance alarms from cooking.
- Voice and location alerts help identify the source of danger quickly.
- Interconnectivity with other First Alert alarms provides comprehensive coverage.
Cons:
- Requires hardwiring, which may not be suitable for all homes.
- Initial installation may be challenging for those without experience.
- Battery backup needs periodic replacement to ensure functionality during outages.
Kidde Smoke Detector with 10-Year Battery and Voice Alerts
Choosing a smoke detector that combines reliability with advanced features can be overwhelming, but the Kidde Smoke Detector with a 10-year battery and voice alerts stands out as an exceptional choice for anyone seeking peace of mind in their home. Its enhanced sensing technology minimizes false alarms, especially from cooking, while the loud 85-decibel alarm and clear voice alerts provide quick warnings. With a self-testing feature and easy installation, it’s designed for convenience. Plus, the 10-year battery eliminates the hassle of frequent changes. Overall, it’s a smart investment in safety, backed by a solid warranty and positive customer feedback.
Best For: Families and homeowners seeking a reliable smoke detector with advanced features that minimize false alarms and require no battery changes for 10 years.
Pros:
- Enhanced sensing technology reduces false alarms, particularly from cooking.
- Self-testing feature ensures consistent operation and reliability.
- Long-lasting 10-year battery eliminates the need for frequent replacements.
Cons:
- Some reports of early device failure or false alarms.
- Possible mounting compatibility issues for certain locations.
- Limited warranty applies only to the alarm, not the battery.
Kidde Smoke & Carbon Monoxide Detector (30CUDR-V)
Equipped with advanced sensing technology, the Kidde Smoke & Carbon Monoxide Detector (30CUDR-V) stands out for those who prioritize safety and reliability in their homes. Its sleek 5-inch design fits seamlessly in any room. I love that it’s powered by AA batteries, ensuring it works during outages. The voice alerts clearly announce hazards, while the LED indicators keep me informed. Plus, it minimizes false alarms, especially from cooking, thanks to its smart sensors. Installation is a breeze, taking just about 90 seconds. With a solid warranty and high user ratings, it’s a dependable choice for home safety.
Best For: Homeowners seeking a reliable and user-friendly smoke and carbon monoxide detector for optimal safety.
Pros:
- Clear voice alerts and LED indicators for easy hazard identification.
- Advanced sensing technology minimizes false alarms, especially from cooking.
- Quick and easy installation in approximately 90 seconds.
Cons:
- Some users reported issues with false fault signals.
- Batteries need to be replaced every six months for optimal performance.
- Does not meet CSFM requirements, which may be a concern for some users.
SITERWELL Smoke Detector with 10 Year Battery
For those who want hassle-free fire safety, the SITERWELL Smoke Detector with a 10-year battery is an ideal choice. I love that it eliminates the hassle of frequent battery replacements, providing continuous protection for a decade. This smoke detector meets UL certification standards, ensuring reliable performance. Its advanced detection technology combines photoelectric and electrochemical sensors, which effectively respond to smoldering fires while minimizing false alarms. Plus, the bilingual voice alerts in English and French are crystal clear. With a compact design and easy installation, I feel confident this detector will keep my home safe without any fuss.
Best For: Those seeking a reliable and low-maintenance smoke detector that offers long-term protection and advanced fire detection technology.
Pros:
- 10-year built-in battery eliminates the need for frequent replacements, saving time and costs.
- Advanced detection technology with photoelectric and electrochemical sensors reduces false alarms and effectively detects smoldering fires.
- Bilingual voice alerts in English and French provide clear communication during emergencies.
Cons:
- Limited to a decade of use; after 10 years, the entire unit must be replaced.
- Compact size may not be suitable for larger spaces requiring multiple detectors for optimal coverage.
- ‘Do Not Disturb’ mode may lead to prolonged silence during low voltage, potentially delaying necessary alerts.
Kidde Smoke & Carbon Monoxide Detector (Model 30CUD10-V)
Are you looking for a smoke and carbon monoxide detector that combines reliability with ease of use? The Kidde Smoke & Carbon Monoxide Detector (Model 30CUD10-V) is an excellent choice. It features dual sensors for thorough protection against both threats and voice alerts that announce “Fire! Fire!” or “Warning! Carbon Monoxide” for quick action. Plus, it has a sealed 10-year lithium battery, so you won’t need to worry about replacements for a decade. Lightweight and easy to mount, it fits perfectly in any home or apartment. With a strong customer rating, it’s a smart addition to your safety plan.
Best For: Individuals and families seeking a reliable smoke and carbon monoxide detector that is easy to install and requires minimal maintenance.
Pros:
- Dual sensors provide thorough protection against both smoke and carbon monoxide.
- Sealed 10-year lithium battery ensures maintenance-free operation without the need for replacements.
- Lightweight and easy to mount, making it suitable for various living environments.
Cons:
- Limited to a single alarm unit, which may not cover larger homes without additional units.
- Voice alerts may not be suitable for individuals with hearing impairments.
- The device relies on battery power, which could fail if the battery is not functioning correctly, despite being sealed.
Factors to Consider When Choosing Advanced Smoke Alarms With Voice Alerts
When I’m choosing advanced smoke alarms with voice alerts, I focus on several key factors. Detection technology, power sources, and how easily they can connect with other devices are essential to me. I also pay attention to installation ease and the clarity of the voice alerts, since I want to be sure I can hear them clearly in an emergency.
Detection Technology Types
Choosing the right smoke alarm involves understanding the different detection technologies available and how they can impact your safety. For instance, photoelectric sensors excel at detecting smoldering fires, minimizing false alarms from cooking or steam, unlike ionization sensors. If you’re also concerned about carbon monoxide, electrochemical sensors provide accurate and quick warnings for CO hazards. Dual-sensor alarms combine both photoelectric and electrochemical technologies, ensuring all-encompassing detection of smoke and carbon monoxide in one device. Advanced sensing technologies often come with features like peak CO concentration memory and independent sensor operation, enhancing accuracy and reliability. The choice of detection technology directly affects false alarm frequency, response time, and overall safety performance of your smoke alarm system.
Power Source Options
While selecting an advanced smoke alarm with voice alerts, it’s essential to take into account the power source options available. You can choose between 10-year sealed lithium batteries, standard replaceable batteries, or hardwired systems with battery backups. Personally, I prefer sealed batteries since they require no regular replacements, ensuring peace of mind without those annoying low-battery chirps. Hardwired alarms are great for reliability during outages and often come with added features. On the other hand, replaceable battery-powered alarms can vary in lifespan from one to ten years. Ultimately, your choice will impact installation flexibility, ongoing maintenance, and how well the alarm functions during power failures. Make sure to consider what aligns best with your lifestyle and home setup.
Interconnectivity Features
Interconnectivity features are vital for maximizing the effectiveness of advanced smoke alarms with voice alerts. When multiple alarms can communicate, it guarantees that if one detects smoke, all alarms sound off, providing thorough coverage. I love that modern interconnected alarms use mesh Wi-Fi or radio frequency signals, which helps maintain reliable communication even in larger homes. However, I’ve learned that proper placement is key—keeping alarms no more than 50 feet apart and avoiding obstructions can considerably enhance signal strength. This interconnectivity is essential for early warnings in distant areas like basements or bedrooms. Setting up these systems usually involves a simple pairing process, making it easy to link multiple units during installation. Safety has never been more accessible!
Installation Ease
When I consider installing advanced smoke alarms with voice alerts, ease of installation tops my list of priorities. I look for models with straightforward mounting options like screw-in or twist-and-click designs, which let me set them up without needing specialized tools. Clear, step-by-step setup instructions or QR codes are a must, making pairing and placement a breeze. I prefer alarms with built-in batteries and minimal wiring, so I can avoid electrical work. Features like easily accessible test and silence buttons are also essential for quick maintenance and checks. In conclusion, I appreciate alarms that come with extensive mounting hardware and user-friendly guides, allowing me to confidently install and activate my system in just minutes.
Voice Alert Clarity
Choosing a smoke alarm with clear voice alerts is essential for ensuring safety during emergencies. I’ve found that alarms using natural language and specific hazard descriptions effectively convey danger and location. It’s critical the volume exceeds 85 decibels, making it audible even in noisy environments or for heavy sleepers like me. If you or someone in your home speaks a different language, consider models with multilingual alerts or customization options for better understanding. The microphone quality and speaker placement also impact clarity, ensuring the message is intelligible when it matters most. Consistent and loud voice alerts are fundamental, especially for individuals with hearing impairments or in larger, multi-story homes. Prioritize clarity to enhance your home’s safety.
Design and Size
The design and size of smoke alarms play a crucial role in their effectiveness and integration into your home. I’ve noticed that smoke alarms come in various shapes, from compact circular models to slim, low-profile designs. These differences can really affect how they blend into your décor. Size matters too; some units are as thin as 1.2 inches while others exceed 2 inches in height. Larger models often boast extra features like voice alerts and LED indicators, but they can be bulkier. For low-ceiling rooms or tight spaces, I recommend opting for unobtrusive designs that ensure safety without clutter. In conclusion, look for easy-to-install options with standardized brackets, making replacement a breeze.
Maintenance Requirements
Finding the right smoke alarm doesn’t just stop at design and size; maintenance requirements are just as important. I’ve found that smoke alarms with sealed 10-year batteries are a fantastic option since they eliminate the hassle of regular battery changes. Look for models with easy-to-access testing and silence buttons, making it simple to check functionality and manage nuisance alarms. I recommend testing your alarm monthly, regardless of the battery type. Proper placement away from steam, heat, or dust can also extend battery life and minimize false alarms. Some alarms even come with “Do Not Disturb” modes or low-battery alerts, which help me keep track of device health without unexpected maintenance surprises.
Frequently Asked Questions
How Often Should I Test My Smoke Alarm?
I test my smoke alarm at least once a month. It only takes a few seconds, and it gives me peace of mind knowing it’s working properly. I also recommend changing the batteries at least once a year, even if it’s not chirping. Plus, I replace the entire alarm every ten years to guarantee it’s up to date. Regular checks help keep my home safe, and I don’t want to take any chances!
Can Smoke Alarms Be Installed Outside?
Yes, smoke alarms can be installed outside, but it’s essential to place them in covered areas to protect them from the elements. I recommend installing them near doorways or in enclosed porches, where they can still be effective without exposure to rain or extreme temperatures. However, keep in mind that outdoor alarms may not detect smoke as effectively as those placed indoors, so I always prioritize indoor safety first.
What Do I Do if My Smoke Alarm Keeps Beeping?
If your smoke alarm keeps beeping, first check the battery. I usually replace it, even if it looks fine. If that doesn’t work, I clean the alarm with a vacuum to remove any dust. Sometimes, it’s just a false alarm, so I make sure there’s no smoke or steam nearby. If the beeping continues, I’d consider replacing the unit, especially if it’s old. Safety first!
Are Voice Alerts Customizable for Different Family Members?
Yes, many modern smoke alarms with voice alerts allow for customization. I’ve found that some models let you record personalized messages or choose from pre-set options tailored to different family members. This way, you can guarantee each person understands the alert’s urgency, whether it’s a smoke warning or a low battery notification. Customizing the alerts adds a personal touch and can help everyone respond quickly in an emergency.
How Long Do Smoke Alarms Typically Last Before Replacement?
When it comes to smoke alarms, they usually last about 10 years. After that, it’s time to replace them, as they can lose their effectiveness. I make it a point to check mine regularly and mark my calendar for replacements. Keeping track of expiration dates is key—after all, you don’t want to be caught with a faulty alarm when it matters most. Safety shouldn’t be left to chance!
Conclusion
In summary, investing in an advanced smoke alarm with voice alerts is a smart decision for your home’s safety. You might think they’re too expensive, but the peace of mind they offer is priceless. These devices not only alert you to danger but can also guide you during an emergency. Don’t compromise on your family’s safety—choose a smoke alarm that provides clear alerts and reliable protection. Your loved ones deserve the best defense against fire hazards.
