If you’re looking to simplify your home entertainment in 2025, I recommend exploring some of the top smart universal remotes like the SofaBaton U2, X1S with hub, and versatile Samsung remotes. These devices support extensive compatibility with smart TVs, soundbars, and streaming players, offering features like app control, macros, voice commands, and backlit buttons. Many also include additional options like multi-device management and smart home integration. Keep going, and you’ll discover which remote fits your setup best.
Key Takeaways
- Supports extensive device compatibility, including IR, Bluetooth, and WiFi, covering over 6,000 brands and 500,000 models.
- Offers easy setup via apps, IR learning, manual programming, and customizable buttons for personalized control.
- Features smart home integration, voice control, macro functions, and OLED displays for enhanced user experience.
- Provides reliable control within 10-35 meters, with some models supporting 360-degree signals and long-range transmission.
- Balances pros like extensive device support and customization with cons such as limited WiFi compatibility and potential setup complexity.
SofaBaton U2 Universal Remote with Backlight
The SofaBaton U2 Universal Remote with Backlight stands out as an excellent choice for anyone who needs a versatile and user-friendly remote that works in all lighting conditions. I love its extensive compatibility, supporting over 6,000 brands and half a million devices, including smart TVs, soundbars, and streaming boxes. The backlit buttons make it easy to use in dark rooms, and the OLED display auto-illuminates when I pick it up. With multiple setup options—IR, Bluetooth, and learning—I can customize it easily. Its extended infrared range and macro functions help me control everything seamlessly, making my entertainment setup simpler and more efficient.
Best For: those seeking a highly versatile, easy-to-use universal remote compatible with a wide range of devices and suitable for use in any lighting condition.
Pros:
- Supports over 6,000 brands and 500,000 devices, including smart TVs, soundbars, and streaming devices.
- Features backlit buttons and an auto-illuminating OLED display for easy operation in dark or bright environments.
- Offers multiple setup options (IR, Bluetooth, IR learning) and customizable macros for a personalized entertainment experience.
Cons:
- WiFi devices are not supported, limiting compatibility with some smart home gadgets.
- Customer rating is 3.9 out of 5 stars, indicating some users may experience issues or limitations.
- Requires 2 AA batteries, which are not included, adding an extra step for setup.
Universal TV Remote Control for Samsung, LG, Vizio, Hisense, Sony, Philips, Onn, Sharp, RCA, Element, Westinghouse, Sanyo, Emerson & More
If you’re tired of juggling multiple remote controls for different devices, a universal remote compatible with Samsung, LG, Vizio, and more is the perfect solution. This remote supports a wide range of smart TVs, DVD/Blu-ray players, and streaming devices, making it versatile and convenient. Setup is straightforward: find your device code, press the setup button, enter the code, and test. It’s rated 4.5 stars by thousands of users and works with many popular brands. Just remember, it doesn’t support Roku sticks or certain soundbars. Overall, it’s a reliable, easy-to-use option for simplifying your entertainment setup.
Best For: Those looking to simplify their home entertainment setup by controlling multiple devices with a single, easy-to-use remote.
Pros:
- Compatible with a wide range of popular smart TV brands and media devices.
- Simple setup process with easy-to-follow instructions.
- Highly rated with a 4.5-star customer review average and a compact, lightweight design.
Cons:
- Does not support Roku streaming sticks or certain soundbars like Hisense and Anker.
- Requires 2 AAA batteries, which are not included.
- May need to try multiple codes for some devices to find the correct one.
Pack of 2 Universal Remote for Samsung TV
For anyone seeking a reliable backup or managing multiple Samsung TVs, the Pack of 2 Universal Remote for Samsung TV offers an excellent solution. It includes two remote controls, perfect for replacing damaged units or controlling multiple TVs without hassle. These infrared remotes require no pairing or programming—just insert two AAA batteries, which aren’t included, and you’re ready to go. Designed to match original specifications, they feature three shortcut buttons for quick access. With a response time of just 0.5 seconds and effective control within 10 meters, they provide reliable, instant control. Plus, a 30-day warranty and responsive support make them a smart, hassle-free choice.
Best For: those needing a dependable backup remote or managing multiple Samsung TVs without the hassle of programming.
Pros:
- No pairing or programming required, ready to use out of the box
- Quick response time of 0.5 seconds within a 10-meter range
- Includes two remotes, ideal for backup or controlling multiple devices
Cons:
- Batteries and manual not included, requiring additional purchase
- Limited to infrared technology, which may be affected by obstacles
- Compatibility limited to Samsung series TVs, not universal for other brands
SofaBaton U2 Universal Remote with App Control
The SofaBaton U2 Universal Remote with App Control stands out for its ability to replace up to 15 separate remotes, making it ideal for those who want a streamlined, all-in-one solution. It’s compatible with most IR and Bluetooth devices, including smart TVs, soundbars, and Blu-ray players. Setting it up is simple with its intuitive app, which also allows for device management, firmware updates, and pairing if original remotes are lost. The remote features a sleek, ergonomic design with backlit buttons and a raise-to-wake OLED display for easy use in low light. With macro support and customizable buttons, it offers fast, flexible control across a wide range of devices.
Best For: those seeking a versatile, all-in-one remote solution with customizable features, app control, and broad device compatibility.
Pros:
- Replaces up to 15 remotes, reducing clutter and simplifying control.
- Supports macro functions for simultaneous device operation and quick access.
- Features an intuitive app for easy setup, firmware updates, and device management.
Cons:
- Does not support WiFi-based devices like Roku Streaming Stick.
- Requires initial programming and setup, which may take some time for customization.
- IR range may be limited in very large or obstructed spaces beyond 35 feet.
SofaBaton X1S Universal Remote with Hub and App
The SofaBaton X1S Universal Remote with Hub and App stands out for its extensive compatibility, supporting over 6,000 brands and half a million device models. Its large database is continually updated to stay current with new devices. It controls IR, Bluetooth, and WiFi devices, offering versatile connectivity options. You can create custom activities that execute multiple commands with a single button, making setup simple. The included hub offers 360-degree control, eliminating blind spots, and works seamlessly with Alexa and Google Assistant for voice commands. Its backlit buttons and raise-to-wake LCD screen ensure easy use in any lighting, while the Find My Remote feature helps locate it effortlessly.
Best For: tech-savvy home entertainment enthusiasts seeking comprehensive device control, customization, and seamless integration with voice assistants.
Pros:
- Supports over 6,000 brands and 500,000 device models with a continually updated database
- Controls IR, Bluetooth, and WiFi devices for versatile connectivity
- Includes a hub with 360-degree control and voice assistant compatibility for hands-free operation
Cons:
- The setup process may be complex for users unfamiliar with smart home devices
- The remote’s size and feature set might be overwhelming for minimalists or casual users
- Premium features and hub may increase overall cost compared to basic universal remotes
SofaBaton U2 Universal Remote with App Control
If you’re looking to streamline your entertainment setup, the SofaBaton U2 Universal Remote with App Control stands out as a top choice thanks to its extensive device support and easy customization. It replaces over 15 remotes, controlling TVs, soundbars, streaming devices, and more. The SofaBaton app simplifies setup by allowing you to select brands and models, then reassign buttons or create macros for one-touch commands. With upgraded infrared receivers, it offers a greater range and more reliable signals. Its ergonomic design, OLED display, and adjustable brightness make it user-friendly. Overall, the U2 makes managing your devices effortless and organized, enhancing your home entertainment experience.
Best For: those seeking a versatile, easy-to-use universal remote to control multiple entertainment devices with customizable features and extended range.
Pros:
- Supports over 15 devices including TVs, soundbars, and streaming players for comprehensive control.
- Easy setup through the app with options to reassign buttons, organize layouts, and create macros.
- Enhanced infrared signal strength and range with multiple built-in receivers for reliable operation.
Cons:
- May require a smartphone and app familiarity for optimal setup and customization.
- Some users might find the initial configuration process time-consuming.
- The OLED display and features may be unnecessary for users preferring a basic remote.
Universal Replacement Remote for Samsung Smart TV
Looking for a reliable remote that seamlessly replaces your Samsung Smart TV’s original controller? This universal replacement remote is compatible with most 2019-2024 Samsung models, including QLED, Q70, Q60, TU7000, and The Frame series. It features a backlit keyboard for easy use in the dark and a built-in microphone for voice commands. Designed specifically for Samsung TVs, it offers quick setup and durable construction. Just make certain your TV is updated before pairing. With a 1-year warranty and US-based support, it’s a solid choice to simplify your home entertainment and keep your smart TV functioning effortlessly.
Best For: those seeking a durable, easy-to-use universal remote compatible with 2019-2024 Samsung Smart TVs, including QLED and Frame series.
Pros:
- Compatible with most Samsung Smart TV models from 2019 to 2024, ensuring broad usability
- Features a backlit keyboard and built-in microphone for convenient use in dark environments and voice commands
- Easy to set up with quick pairing and includes a 1-year warranty with US-based support
Cons:
- Not compatible with Samsung TVs manufactured before 2019 or non-Samsung brands
- External TV boxes compatibility is not guaranteed, which may limit functionality with certain setups
- Functionality on older models may vary, potentially requiring updates or adjustments
SofaBaton X1S Universal Remote with Hub
Ever wondered how to control all your entertainment devices seamlessly from one remote? The SofaBaton X1S Universal Remote with Hub makes it possible. It works with over 500,000 devices via IR, Bluetooth, and Wi-Fi, including TVs, soundbars, and projectors. The powerful hub features 360-degree signaling and long-range transmission, with wired IR transmitters for room-wide control. Plus, it supports voice assistants like Alexa and Google Assistant. The X1S offers improvements over its predecessor, such as a raise-to-wake feature, backlit buttons, and customizable functions through the app. With macro commands and smart home integrations, it simplifies managing multiple devices effortlessly.
Best For: those seeking a versatile, universal remote that can control a wide range of devices and integrate with smart home systems for seamless entertainment management.
Pros:
- Compatible with over 500,000 devices via IR, Bluetooth, and Wi-Fi for extensive device coverage
- Features a powerful hub with 360-degree signaling and long-range transmission for reliable control across rooms
- Supports voice assistants like Alexa and Google Assistant, along with app customization for personalized use
Cons:
- Setup and customization may require time to fully configure all devices and activities
- May be more expensive than basic universal remotes due to advanced features and smart integrations
- Dependence on app updates and firmware upgrades for optimal performance and new device compatibility
SofaBaton U2 Universal Remote Control
The SofaBaton U2 Universal Remote Control stands out for its extensive device compatibility, supporting over 500,000 gadgets from more than 6,000 brands. It can replace multiple remotes for smart TVs, DVDs, cable boxes, Blu-ray players, streaming devices, and projectors, making setup easy with a smartphone app and one-click device addition. It offers a strong infrared range of up to 35 feet and learning capabilities, so you can manually add functions from your original remotes. Its programmable macros and customizable buttons enhance convenience, while the ergonomic design ensures comfortable, intuitive control. Overall, the U2 simplifies your entertainment setup by consolidating numerous devices into one user-friendly remote.
Best For: those seeking a versatile, easy-to-set-up universal remote that can control a wide range of home entertainment devices without Wi-Fi or wireless support.
Pros:
- Supports over 500,000 devices from more than 6,000 brands, offering extensive compatibility.
- Enhanced infrared range of up to 35 feet ensures reliable, quick responses.
- Programmable macros and customizable buttons improve convenience and user experience.
Cons:
- Does not support wireless or Wi-Fi enabled devices.
- Requires a smartphone app for setup, which may be inconvenient for some users.
- The remote’s size and weight (10.2 ounces) may feel bulky for some users.
SofaBaton U2 Universal Remote Control
If you want a universal remote that can seamlessly control a wide range of devices, the SofaBaton U2 is an excellent choice, supporting up to 500,000 models. It communicates via infrared and Bluetooth, working with most IR and Bluetooth devices, though not WiFi-only gadgets like Roku Streaming Stick. You can easily search for device models through the app, making setup straightforward—even if you’ve lost the original remotes. The remote consolidates up to 15 remotes into one sleek device, with features like macro buttons, customizable controls, and an OLED display for quick navigation. Its ergonomic design and long-range signals make controlling your entire entertainment system simple and reliable.
Best For: those seeking a versatile, easy-to-use universal remote capable of controlling a wide array of IR and Bluetooth devices, including older and newer models.
Pros:
- Supports up to 500,000 device models, ensuring broad compatibility across various brands and types
- Combines multiple remotes into one device, reducing clutter and simplifying operation
- Features macro buttons and customizable controls for personalized and efficient device management
Cons:
- Does not support WiFi-only devices like Roku Streaming Stick, limiting functionality with some modern streaming gadgets
- Requires app setup to reassign Bluetooth buttons, which may be less intuitive for some users
- Lacks built-in WiFi control, so network-based devices cannot be managed directly
MOES WiFi Smart IR Remote Controller for Smart Homes
For anyone looking to streamline their smart home, the MOES WiFi Smart IR Remote Controller stands out as an excellent choice. It’s a universal infrared remote blaster that works with Alexa and Google Assistant, no hub needed. You can control multiple IR devices like TVs, air conditioners, and audio systems from anywhere using the free app. Its 2.4G WiFi connection and voice control features make managing your devices effortless. Plus, the DIY copy function lets you program unsupported remotes. With easy setup, a UL-certified power adapter, and compatibility with most IR brands, it’s a versatile solution for simplifying your home entertainment setup.
Best For: smart home enthusiasts seeking a versatile, hub-free IR remote controller that integrates with Alexa and Google Assistant for convenient device management.
Pros:
- Compatible with a wide range of IR devices including TVs, air conditioners, and audio systems
- No hub required, easy to set up via free app on Android and iOS
- Voice control support for hands-free operation with Alexa and Google Assistant
Cons:
- Infrared signals cannot penetrate walls, limiting control to the same room
- Only supports 2.4G WiFi, not compatible with 5G networks
- DIY copy function may require some technical effort to program unsupported remotes
Pack of 2 Samsung Smart TV Remote Controls
A pack of 2 Samsung Smart TV Remote Controls offers a practical solution for households needing reliable backups or replacements. These remotes are compatible with a wide range of Samsung TVs, including Frame, Crystal UHD, Neo QLED, OLED, 4K, and 8K models. They feature quick-access buttons for popular streaming services like Netflix, Hulu, and Video, making content access effortless. Built with durable ABS and silicone, they promise long-lasting performance. Each remote is tested before shipping and comes with a 90-day warranty, giving you peace of mind. Keep a spare on hand to avoid interruptions and ensure seamless control over your entertainment experience.
Best For: households seeking reliable backup or replacement remote controls compatible with a wide range of Samsung Smart TVs, including 4K, 8K, OLED, and QLED models.
Pros:
- Includes two remotes for convenient backup or sharing across devices
- Quick-access buttons for popular streaming services like Netflix, Hulu, and Video
- Durable construction with ABS and silicone materials ensuring longevity and reliable performance
Cons:
- Batteries and user manual are not included, requiring separate purchase
- Does not support voice control, limiting some smart features
- Infrared (IR) remote may require line-of-sight to operate effectively
GE Rechargeable TV Remote Control, Universal Remote Control
The GE Rechargeable TV Remote Control stands out for those seeking a convenient, eco-friendly alternative to traditional batteries, thanks to its built-in rechargeable battery. It can run for months on a single charge and includes a handy 18-inch USB-C to USB-A cable for easy recharging. This remote easily manages up to four devices at once, including major brand TVs, soundbars, and streaming devices like Roku and Samsung. Its preprogrammed hotkeys give quick access to popular apps like Netflix and YouTube. With a sleek, backlit design and simple setup, it combines style and functionality, making it a smart choice for streamlining your entertainment setup.
Best For: those seeking an eco-friendly, rechargeable universal remote that simplifies controlling multiple devices with quick access to popular streaming apps.
Pros:
- Rechargeable design eliminates the need for disposable batteries, saving money and reducing waste
- Compatible with up to four devices including major TVs, soundbars, and streaming devices, offering versatile control
- Backlit, stylish keypad and simple setup make it user-friendly and visually appealing
Cons:
- Not compatible with RF devices like Roku Streaming Sticks or Amazon Fire TV/Sticks
- Requires regular recharging if used heavily, which may be inconvenient for some users
- Limited to controlling up to four devices simultaneously, which might be restrictive for complex entertainment setups
Universal TV Remote Control for Smart TVs and Devices
If you’re looking to simplify your entertainment setup, a universal TV remote compatible with smart TVs and various devices is a smart choice. I’ve found that these remotes work with brands like Samsung, LG, Sony, and more, controlling up to three devices at once—like your TV, soundbar, and streaming box. Setup is straightforward: press and hold the SETUP button, then enter a 4-digit code from the included list. They support infrared devices but not RF streaming sticks like Roku or Fire TV. Overall, this all-in-one remote makes managing multiple media components quick and hassle-free.
Best For: those seeking a versatile, easy-to-program remote to control multiple IR-compatible smart TVs and media devices simultaneously.
Pros:
- Compatible with a wide range of brands including Samsung, LG, Sony, and more.
- Supports controlling up to three devices at once, simplifying entertainment management.
- Easy setup process with clear instructions and quick programming features.
Cons:
- Does not support RF streaming devices like Roku or Fire TV sticks.
- Batteries are not included, requiring an additional purchase.
- Limited to IR-controlled devices, so it cannot operate RF-based media players.
SwitchBot Universal Remote Control with Hub Mini
For anyone looking to control multiple infrared and Bluetooth devices seamlessly, the SwitchBot Universal Remote Control with Hub Mini stands out as an excellent choice. It supports up to 25 devices, including TVs, air conditioners, lights, and Bluetooth gadgets like Fire TV and Apple TV. The remote features 19 buttons and a Touch Wheel for easy navigation, plus a compact design that fits comfortably in one hand. Setup is quick, taking about 10 minutes, thanks to an extensive infrared code library. The included Hub Mini adds advanced IR learning and Matter compatibility with Apple Home, making it a versatile and user-friendly option for smart home control.
Best For: users seeking a versatile, easy-to-use remote control for managing multiple infrared and Bluetooth devices within a smart home setup.
Pros:
- Supports up to 25 devices including IR and Bluetooth gadgets, with advanced IR learning and one-tap matching.
- Compact, ergonomic design with 19 buttons and a Touch Wheel for simple navigation and quick setup.
- Matter-enabled when paired with the Hub Mini, allowing integration with Apple Home and Matter-compatible devices.
Cons:
- Works exclusively with 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi and supports IR remotes only, not RF or Bluetooth remotes.
- Requires charging every few months due to a 2000mAh battery, which may be less convenient for some users.
- Limited compatibility with Google and Alexa ecosystems, focusing primarily on Apple Home integration.
Factors to Consider When Choosing a Smart Universal Remote
When choosing a smart universal remote, I consider factors like compatibility with my devices, control features, and how easy it is to set up. I also look at customization options and the types of connectivity it offers to guarantee seamless operation. Understanding these points helps me pick a remote that fits my needs perfectly.
Compatibility Range
Choosing a smart universal remote requires confirming it can handle all your devices seamlessly. First, check if it supports the specific brands and models you own, so everything functions correctly. Make sure it can control all device types in your setup, like TVs, soundbars, streaming devices, and Blu-ray players. Compatibility with both infrared (IR) and Bluetooth connections broadens what it can manage. It’s also helpful if the remote can learn functions from your original remotes via IR learning or code input, adding flexibility. Finally, consider whether the remote’s compatibility library is regularly updated to include new device models and brands. This ensures your remote stays current as your home entertainment system evolves, saving you time and frustration in the long run.
Control Features
To get the most out of a smart universal remote, you need to guarantee it offers the right control features for your setup. First, ensure it supports all your device types, like smart TVs, soundbars, Blu-ray players, and streaming devices. Look for macro functions that let you execute multiple commands with one press—perfect for complex setups. Customizable buttons are a plus, providing quick access to your favorite functions or apps. Learning capabilities are essential too, as they allow the remote to copy functions from your original remotes for expanded control. Finally, voice control support through assistants like Alexa or Google Assistant adds hands-free convenience. These features make your remote versatile, intuitive, and tailored to your entertainment needs.
Ease of Setup
Selecting a smart universal remote becomes much easier when it offers multiple setup options like code entry, automatic scanning, or app-based configuration. These options let you choose the method that best fits your tech comfort level. Clear, step-by-step instructions or user guides are vital for quick, frustration-free pairing. Compatibility with a wide range of devices and brands reduces the need for manual programming, saving time. A remote with a user-friendly interface and minimal setup requirements boosts confidence during setup. Features like learning mode or one-click setup further streamline the process, making it accessible even for those less tech-savvy. Overall, an easy setup process guarantees a smooth experience, letting you enjoy your entertainment system faster and with less hassle.
Customization Options
When evaluating a smart universal remote, it’s vital to take into account its customization options, as these features greatly enhance how well the remote fits your personal entertainment setup. Look for remotes that let you reprogram buttons, so you can assign your most-used functions for quick access. Check if the remote supports macro creation, enabling you to execute multiple commands with a single press—perfect for controlling complex scenes. An intuitive app or software interface is essential for easy layout adjustments and button organization, ensuring the remote matches your preferences. Also, consider whether it offers customizable activity modes that automate sequences across multiple devices, simplifying your experience. Finally, dedicated buttons for frequently used functions can save you time and frustration, making daily operation seamless.
Connectivity Types
Connectivity options determine how well a smart universal remote can communicate with your devices and integrate into your entertainment setup. Infrared (IR) is common, but it requires a direct line-of-sight to control devices. Bluetooth and WiFi offer more flexibility, letting you control devices from different rooms or through walls. WiFi remotes often support app-based control and integration with smart home systems, adding convenience and expanded functionality. Bluetooth is ideal for devices like streaming sticks that use Bluetooth pairing instead of IR signals. Your choice impacts the remote’s range, compatibility, setup complexity, and ability to handle multiple devices simultaneously. Consider your existing devices and how you prefer to control them when selecting the right connectivity type for your smart remote.
Battery and Power
Choosing a smart universal remote with reliable battery life is essential for uninterrupted entertainment. I look for remotes with rechargeable batteries or long-lasting power to avoid constant replacements. Quick and easy charging options, like USB-C, make recharging convenient and hassle-free. Power management features such as automatic sleep mode or adjustable backlight brightness help conserve battery life, ensuring longer usage between charges. Low power consumption during standby is another critical factor, preventing the remote from draining power when not in use. Additionally, I prefer remotes that provide low battery notifications or indicators, so I can recharge before it runs out unexpectedly. Prioritizing these features ensures my remote stays charged and ready, keeping my entertainment setup seamless and frustration-free.
Frequently Asked Questions
How Compatible Are These Remotes With Older or Non-Smart TVS?
Most smart universal remotes are quite compatible with older or non-smart TVs, but it depends on the model. I’ve found that many use infrared (IR) signals, so as long as your TV has an IR sensor, it should work smoothly. Some remotes also support Bluetooth or Wi-Fi, which might not be compatible with older TVs. Always check the compatibility list before buying to guarantee it works with your specific TV model.
Can These Remotes Control Devices via Voice Commands?
Did you know over 60% of smart remote users find voice control essential? Yes, many of these remotes support voice commands, allowing you to change channels, adjust volume, or switch devices effortlessly. I love how I can simply say, “Turn on the TV” and it responds instantly. It’s a game-changer, making home entertainment more intuitive and hands-free, especially when I’m juggling multiple devices.
Do These Remotes Support Customization for Individual Device Controls?
Yes, many of these remotes support customization for individual device controls. I love how I can personalize buttons and settings for my TV, sound system, and streaming devices, making everything more intuitive. With user-friendly apps, I easily assign commands, create macros, or even set up different profiles. This flexibility means I can streamline my entertainment setup exactly how I want, saving time and reducing frustration whenever I watch TV or switch devices.
Are There Any Security Concerns With App-Controlled Universal Remotes?
Absolutely, there are security concerns with app-controlled universal remotes. Think of your remote’s app as a locked door—if not properly secured, intruders could access your devices. I always recommend using strong passwords, enabling two-factor authentication, and keeping the app updated. These steps act like a security guard, guarding your home theater from unwanted guests, so you can enjoy your entertainment worry-free.
How Easy Is It to Set up and Program These Remotes for Multiple Devices?
Setting up and programming these remotes is surprisingly straightforward. I just follow the instructions, usually involving pairing the remote with each device, which often takes only a few minutes. Many remotes offer automatic device detection or code scanning, making setup even easier. Overall, I find them user-friendly, even if you’re not tech-savvy, and they save me tons of time and frustration in managing my home entertainment system.
Conclusion
Imagine easily switching between your smart TV, sound system, and streaming devices with just a tap. That’s exactly what I experienced after upgrading to a universal remote—I no longer juggle multiple remotes or get frustrated. For example, my friend’s family now relaxes faster because they control everything from one device. If you want a clutter-free, seamless entertainment experience, investing in a good universal remote can truly transform your movie nights and daily routines.
